Comment

//

print(“Hello World”) // This is a comment

Assignment

=

x = 3

Constants

const

const vat = 0.2

Global Variables

global

global userID = "Cust001"

Input

input()

myName = input("Please enter a name")

Output

print()

print("My name is Noni")

Converting to another data type

str()

str(345)

int()

int("3")

float()

float("4.52")

real()

real("4.52")

bool()

bool("True")

FOR loop

for ... to ... next ...

for i = 0 to 9
    print("Loop")
next i
// This will print the word “Loop” 10 times, i.e. 0-9 inclusive.
        

for ... to ... step ...
next ...
        

for i = 2 to 10 step 2
    print(i)
next i
// This will print the even numbers from 2 to 10 inclusive.

for i = 10 to 0 step -1
    print(i)
next i
// This will print the numbers from 10 to 0 inclusive, i.e. 10, 9, 8, ..., 2, 1, 0.

// Note that the 'step' command can be used to increment or decrement the loop by any positive or negative integer value.
        

WHILE loop

while ...
endwhile
        

while answer != "Correct"
    answer = input("New answer")
endwhile
// Will loop until the user inputs the string “Correct”. Check condition is carried out before entering loop.
        

DO UNTIL loop

do
until
        

do
    answer = input("New answer")
until answer == "Correct"
// Will loop until the user inputs the string “Correct”. Loop iterates once before a check is carried out.
        

IF-THEN-ELSE

if ... then
elseif ... then
else
endif
        

if answer == "Yes" then
    print("Correct")
elseif answer == "No" then
    print("Wrong")
else
    print("Error")
endif
        

SWITCH

switch … :
    case … :
    case … :
default:
endswitch
        

switch day :
    case "Sat":
        print("Saturday")
    case "Sun":
        print("Sunday")
default:
    print("Weekday")
endswitch
        

String length

.length

subject = "ComputerScience"
subject.length // returns the value 15
        

Substrings

.substring(x , i)
.left(i)
.right(i)
        

subject.substring(3,5) // returns "puter"
subject.left(4) // returns "Comp"
subject.right(3) // returns "nce"
        

Concatenation

+

name = "Tom"
print("Your name is: " + name)
        

Uppercase

.upper

subject = "ComputerScience"
subject.upper // returns "COMPUTERSCIENCE"
        

Lowercase

.lower

subject.lower // returns "computerscience"

ASCII Conversion

ASC(...)

ASC('C') // returns 65

CHR(...)

CHR(97) // returns 'a'

Open

open(...)

myFile = open("sample.txt")
// Note that the file needs to be stored as a variable.
        

Close

.close()

myFile.close()

Read line

.readLine()

myFile.readLine()

Write line

.writeLine(...)

myFile.writeLine("Add new line")
// Note that the line will be written to the END of the file.
        

End of File

.endOfFile()

while NOT myFile.endOfFile()
    print(myFile.readLine())
endwhile
        

Create a new file

newFile(...)

newFile("myText.txt")
// Creates a new text file called "myText". The file would then need to be opened using the above command for Open.
        

Declaration

array colours[...]

array colours[5]
// Creates 1D array with 5 elements (index 0 to 4).

array colours = ["Blue", "Pink", "Green", "Yellow", "Red"]
// Arrays can be declared with values assigned.
        

array gameboard[..., ...] = ...

array gameboard[8,8]
// Creates 2D array with 8 elements (index 0 to 7).
        

Assignment

names[...] = ...

names[3] = "Noni"

gameboard[..., ...] = ...

gameboard[1, 0] = "Pawn"

Procedure

procedure name(...)
endprocedure
        

procedure multiply(num1, num2)
    print(num1 * num2)
endprocedure
        

Calling a procedure

procedure(parameters)

multiply(5, 7)

Function

function name(...)
endfunction
        

function squared(number)
    squared = number^2
    return squared
endfunction
        

Calling a function

function(parameters)

squared(4)

newValue = squared(4)
// Function returns should be stored in a variable if needed for later use in a program.
        

Random numbers

random(..., ...)

myVariable = random(1,6)
// Creates a random integer between 1 and 6 inclusive.